22 WMR vs 17 HMR: A Detailed Comparison for Shooters
Choosing the right ammunition can significantly impact your shooting experience, whether you’re a seasoned marksman or a recreational shooter. Two popular rimfire cartridges often compared are the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (22 WMR) and the .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (17 HMR). This article provides a comprehensive comparison of the 22 WMR vs 17 HMR, covering their ballistics, accuracy, effective range, and suitable applications to help you make an informed decision.
Understanding the Basics
Before diving into a head-to-head comparison, it’s essential to understand the fundamentals of each cartridge.
.22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (22 WMR)
The .22 WMR, also known as the .22 Magnum, was introduced in 1959 by Winchester. It was designed as a more powerful alternative to the .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR), offering increased velocity and energy. The 22 WMR is a rimfire cartridge, meaning the priming compound is located in the rim of the cartridge case. This design is simpler and more cost-effective to manufacture than centerfire cartridges.
.17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (17 HMR)
The .17 HMR was developed by Hornady in 2002. It’s based on the .22 WMR case necked down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. This smaller, lighter bullet is designed for higher velocities and a flatter trajectory. Like the 22 WMR, the 17 HMR is also a rimfire cartridge.
Ballistics and Performance
One of the most significant differences between the 22 WMR vs 17 HMR lies in their ballistic performance. Let’s examine some key metrics:
Velocity
The 17 HMR generally boasts a higher velocity than the 22 WMR. Typical .17 HMR rounds can achieve muzzle velocities of around 2,550 feet per second (fps) with a 17-grain bullet. In contrast, the 22 WMR typically achieves velocities of around 1,900 fps with a 40-grain bullet. This higher velocity contributes to the 17 HMR’s flatter trajectory.
Energy
While the 17 HMR is faster, the 22 WMR generally delivers more energy due to its heavier bullet. A typical 22 WMR round can produce around 320 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle, compared to approximately 245 foot-pounds for the 17 HMR. This difference in energy can be a factor when hunting larger pests or small game.
Trajectory
The flatter trajectory of the 17 HMR is one of its key advantages. This means that over typical rimfire shooting distances (e.g., 50-150 yards), the bullet drops less, making it easier to aim accurately. The 22 WMR has a more curved trajectory, requiring more holdover or scope adjustment at longer ranges. A shooter comparing 22 WMR vs 17 HMR will notice this difference immediately.
Accuracy
Both the 22 WMR and 17 HMR are capable of excellent accuracy, but several factors can influence which cartridge performs better in a given situation.
Wind Drift
The lighter bullet of the 17 HMR is more susceptible to wind drift than the heavier bullet of the 22 WMR. In windy conditions, the 22 WMR may offer more consistent accuracy, as its bullet is less likely to be pushed off course. However, high-quality .17 HMR ammunition can mitigate this issue to some extent.
Rifle Quality
The accuracy potential of both cartridges is heavily influenced by the quality of the rifle. A well-made rifle with a good trigger and a stable platform will generally produce better results with either the 22 WMR or the 17 HMR. Barrel harmonics and bedding can also play a significant role in accuracy.
Shooter Skill
Ultimately, the shooter’s skill is a crucial factor in achieving accuracy. Proper shooting technique, including consistent trigger pull, breathing control, and follow-through, is essential for maximizing the accuracy of either cartridge. Familiarity with the specific rifle and ammunition combination is also important.
Effective Range
The effective range of a cartridge refers to the distance at which it can reliably and accurately hit a target with sufficient energy to achieve the desired effect. Let’s compare the effective ranges of the 22 WMR vs 17 HMR.
.22 WMR Effective Range
The 22 WMR is generally considered effective out to around 125-150 yards for small game hunting and pest control. Beyond this range, the bullet’s velocity and energy drop off significantly, making it less effective. [See also: Best Rimfire Scopes Under $200]
.17 HMR Effective Range
The 17 HMR’s flatter trajectory allows it to be effective at slightly longer ranges, typically around 150-175 yards. However, its lighter bullet loses energy more quickly than the 22 WMR, so it may not be as effective on larger pests or small game at the extreme end of its range. The 17 HMR is a popular choice for varmint hunting at these distances.
Applications
Both the 22 WMR and 17 HMR have their own strengths and weaknesses, making them suitable for different applications.
Hunting
For small game hunting, such as squirrels and rabbits, the 22 WMR is often preferred due to its higher energy. It provides more stopping power, ensuring a clean and ethical kill. The 17 HMR can also be used for hunting these animals, but shot placement is more critical due to its lower energy. For varmint hunting, such as prairie dogs and groundhogs, the 17 HMR is a popular choice due to its flatter trajectory and accuracy at longer ranges. The 22 WMR can also be used for varmint hunting, but it requires more precise range estimation and holdover.
Pest Control
Both cartridges are effective for pest control. The 22 WMR is well-suited for larger pests, such as raccoons and opossums, while the 17 HMR is ideal for smaller pests, such as rats and squirrels. The choice between the two often depends on the size and type of pest being targeted.
Target Shooting
Both the 22 WMR and 17 HMR can be used for target shooting, but the 17 HMR’s flatter trajectory can make it easier to achieve consistent accuracy at longer ranges. However, the 22 WMR is often more affordable to shoot, making it a more economical choice for high-volume target practice. [See also: Rimfire Ammunition Guide]
Cost and Availability
The cost and availability of ammunition can also be a factor when choosing between the 22 WMR vs 17 HMR.
Ammunition Cost
Generally, 22 WMR ammunition is less expensive than 17 HMR ammunition. This is due to the simpler manufacturing process and the greater availability of components. However, prices can fluctuate depending on market conditions and manufacturer.
Ammunition Availability
Both 22 WMR and 17 HMR ammunition are widely available, but the selection of bullet types and manufacturers may be more limited for the 17 HMR. During periods of high demand, both cartridges may be difficult to find, but the 22 WMR is typically more readily available.
Recoil and Noise
Recoil and noise levels are important considerations, especially for new shooters or those sensitive to these factors.
Recoil
Both the 22 WMR and 17 HMR have very low recoil, making them comfortable to shoot for most people. However, the 22 WMR generally has slightly more recoil due to its heavier bullet and greater energy. The difference is minimal, and most shooters will find both cartridges manageable.
Noise
Both cartridges are relatively loud, but the 17 HMR tends to produce a sharper, higher-pitched report than the 22 WMR. The noise level can be a concern in areas with noise restrictions or when hunting near residential areas.
Firearm Availability
The availability of firearms chambered in 22 WMR and 17 HMR is another important consideration.
Rifles
Both 22 WMR and 17 HMR rifles are widely available from various manufacturers. Bolt-action rifles are the most common type, but semi-automatic and lever-action rifles are also available. The choice of rifle depends on personal preference and intended use.
Handguns
Handguns chambered in 22 WMR are more common than those chambered in 17 HMR. The 22 WMR is a popular choice for revolvers and semi-automatic pistols, offering more power than the .22 LR. 17 HMR handguns are less common but are available from some manufacturers.
Conclusion
In the debate of 22 WMR vs 17 HMR, there is no definitive winner. Both cartridges have their own strengths and weaknesses, making them suitable for different applications. The 17 HMR’s flatter trajectory and higher velocity make it ideal for varmint hunting and target shooting at longer ranges, while the 22 WMR’s higher energy and lower cost make it a better choice for small game hunting and pest control. Ultimately, the best cartridge for you depends on your specific needs and preferences. Consider your intended use, budget, and shooting environment when making your decision. By carefully evaluating these factors, you can choose the rimfire cartridge that will provide the best performance for your shooting activities.
